Exact population: 8,090,068 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.) Literacy: Total population: 51.6%; male: 58.5%; female: 45.2% Ethnicities: Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000 Land boundaries: Total: 974 km; border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km Terrain: Hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains Extremes: Lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m; highest point: Heha 2,670 m Imports: Kenya 13.6%, Tanzania 11.1%, US 8.8%, Belgium 8.5%, France 8.3%, Italy 5.9%, Uganda 5.6%, Japan 4.6%, Germany 4.4% (2004) Exports: Germany 20.7%, Belgium 8.6%, Pakistan 7%, US 5.9%, Rwanda 5.9% (2004) Industries: Light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing