Exact population: 23,113,019 (July 2006 est.) Literacy: Total population: 99%; male: 99%; female: 99% Ethnicities: Racially homogeneous; there is a small Chinese community and a few ethnic Japanese Land boundaries: Total: 1,673 km; border countries: China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 km Terrain: Mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east Extremes: Lowest point: Sea of Japan 0 m; highest point: Paektu-san 2,744 m Imports: China 32.9%, Thailand 10.7%, Japan 4.8% (2004) Exports: China 45.6%, South Korea 20.2%, Japan 12.9% (2004) Industries: Military products; machine building, electric power, chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy; textiles, food processing; tourism