Exact population: 23,113,901 (July 2011 est.) Literacy: Total population: 96.1% Ethnicities: Taiwanese (including Hakka) 84%, mainland Chinese 14%, aborigine 2% Land boundaries: 0 km Terrain: Eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in west Extremes: Lowest point: South China Sea 0 m; highest point: Yu Shan 3,952 m Imports: Japan 26%, US 12%, China, including Hong Kong 12%, South Korea 7% (2005) Exports: China, including Hong Kong 37%, US 15.3%, Japan 7.7% (2005) Industries: Electronics, petroleum refining, armaments, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceuticals