Qatar

Exact population: 1,951,591 (July 2011 est.)
Literacy: Total population: 89%; male: 89.1%; female: 88.6%
Ethnicities: Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%
Land boundaries: Total: 60 km; border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km
Terrain: Mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel
Extremes: Lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m; highest point: Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m
Imports: France 26.6%, US 9.5%, Saudi Arabia 9.4%, UAE 6.3%, Germany 5.2%, Japan 5.2%, UK 5.1% (2004)
Exports: Japan 41.9%, South Korea 15.8%, Singapore 9.1%, India 5.4% (2004)
Industries: Crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair

Source: CIA World Factbook