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Exact population: 48,810,427 (July 2012 est.)
Literacy: Total population: 86.4%; male: 87%; female: 85.7%
Ethnicities: Black African 79%, white 9.6%, colored 8.9%, Indian/Asian 2.5% (2001 census)
Land boundaries: Total: 4,862 km; border countries: Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491 km, Namibia 967 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km
Terrain: Vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain
Extremes: Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m; highest point: Njesuthi 3,408 m
Imports: Germany 14.2%, US 8.5%, China 7.5%, Japan 6.9%, UK 6.9%, France 6%, Saudi Arabia 5.6%, Iran 5% (2004)
Exports: US 10.2%, UK 9.2%, Japan 9%, Germany 7.1%, Netherlands 4% (2004)
Industries: Mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textile, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs, commercial ship repair

Source: CIA World Factbook